Painful neck? Facet sprain explained
Are you waking up with a pain in your neck? You might have had one too many sleeps in the armchair or your pillow is getting a bit flat. You might be suffering from the pain of a facet sprain!
Treating stiff and sore necks has to be up there as one of the most common areas of the body we Osteo’s see on a day-to-day basis. The causes for neck pain are numerous, with some of the common causes including muscle strain (read our previous blog on postural neck strain), joint restriction and degeneration, and disc-related injuries. Out of those, we regularly see injuries relating to the facet joints of the neck (facet sprain).
What are facet joints?
Facet joints are small joints in the spine, formed between bony parts of two adjacent vertebrae. With a few exceptions, you can find a pair of facet joints at each level of the spine: one on the left, one on the right. These joints, along with the disc connection between vertebrae, are responsible for allowing and restricting movements of the spine. For example, the facet joints in the neck are orientated to allow a relatively wide range of motion in all planes of movement;
- Flexion and Extension (Forward and backward bending)
- Rotation (Twisting)
- Side-bending (lateral flexion).
When we look over our shoulder to check our blind spot in the car, we are mainly using movement in our neck to get there.
If you move to the low back region of the spinal column, the facet joints are orientated in a slightly different way, allowing plenty of flexion and extension, but minimal rotation. This allows us to bend our bodies forwards and backwards easily.
So, what is a facet sprain?
A facet sprain is a facet joint that is ‘locked’ or severely restricted in movement. This type of joint is what we call a synovial joint. This means it’s a joint that is held together by a joint capsule and is filled with a lubricating fluid, known as synovial fluid.
A facet joint tends to lock when it has been overloaded with excessive forces acting upon it. This tends to occur over time and results in a ‘straw that breaks the camel’s back’ moment. It can also happen following a quick jerking movement of the neck, where a sudden large force is placed upon the joints and it is too much for them to bear.
This can occur from many activities. It could be something as silly as a quick glance over the shoulder like checking your blind spot in the car or spending an extended period looking up like when having to paint a ceiling in a house.
The tissue around the joints, including the overlying muscles which drive the movement stiffen and may go into spasm, and you are left with a neck that is extremely painful to move.
More often than not, we are moving poorly above and/or below the joint, leaving it struggling to hold everything together and keep movement going. The body is good at compensating for poor movement up to a point, and then failure is inevitable, unless we intervene.
Signs and symptoms of a facet sprain
The signs and symptoms of a facet sprain in the neck include:
- Neck pain
- Restricted neck movement
- Restricted mid-back and shoulder movement
- Headache (this is more likely if neck movement is not restored following injury)
- Inability to perform daily tasks such as checking your blind spot whilst driving (we strongly suggest if you cannot turn your neck, to NOT get behind the wheel of a vehicle) and looking/reaching up to a kitchen cupboard
After the initial onset of pain, you will progressively lose movement in your neck over the next few hours. The following few days will be painful while your body deals with the acute inflammation occurring in and around the joint. Slowly but surely, you will begin to notice movement becoming easier and pain reducing.
We recommend coming to see us sooner rather than later. When inflammation is fresh and everything is really restricted, it is sometimes difficult to reach a 100% accurate diagnosis on the first session. But after careful questioning and consideration of your medical history, the majority of the time we can come to a solid working diagnosis. If we cannot, and we feel something else is going on, we may refer you on for a second opinion, or for imaging. Nine times out of ten, with a simple facet sprain there aren’t any serious signs and symptoms which will make us question our course of action… it usually just bloomin’ hurts and is difficult to move your head. In those cases, we can get to work immediately.
Treatment of a facet sprain?
A locked, compressed and inflamed facet joint usually responds pretty well to some gentle traction of the neck. Traction techniques gently separate the joint surfaces, allowing for movement of fluid and for everything to calm down nicely. If you are super locked up and restricted, traction and very gentle neck mobilisations may be all we’re able to do in the early stages.
How can the Osteopaths at Holistic Bodyworks help?
When you come into Holistic Bodyworks, we will take you through some questions to get an in-depth look into your life and the issue you’re currently experiencing. There are likely to be many things in your life that have led you to this stiff and painful neck and we want to make sure we tick off and address all those risk factors.
We’ll look into your;
- Personal life
- Work life
- Hobbies
- Sports, and even
- How you spend your time relaxing and sleeping.
These are all areas that can play a part in causing a facet sprain.
We’ll cast an eye over the areas above and below the injury site to see what’s going on there and treat those accordingly. Restoring movement in a non-painful area away from the injury site is commonly what’s needed to help calm everything down quick-smart. All being well, when you get up off the table after your first treatment, your pain will have reduced, and your movement will have improved.
Over the next few sessions, we will capitalise on this and aim to restore full function to your neck within 4-6 sessions, across a period of 4-8 weeks. These time periods are rough estimates and always depend on whether you do your homework with exercise, living well and avoiding potentially aggravating activities for a short time.
Injuries like these are usually the result of many years of poor movement. We encourage you to look long-term with your treatment goals. Injuries that take years to build up will not be undone in a few weeks. Yes, we will get your pain down and your movement up, but to get truly strong and mobile takes months to fully achieve.
Our aim will be to get you to that point where the injury is not likely to return once treatment stops and you return to normal daily living.
Stiff or painful neck?
Call us today or make an appointment online and we’ll get you on the mend 🙂
References:
- 2019. Facet Joint Syndrome. [Online]. [Accessed 06 June 2019]. Available from: https://www.physio-pedia.com/Facet_Joint_Syndrome
- Snell, R. 2012. Clinical anatomy by regions. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
- Chila, A. et al. 2011. Foundations of osteopathic medicine. 3rd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
